茂名建设现代化海洋经济体系的现状、问题及路径          下载免费PDF全文

韩建华 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(5):83-88

在广东实现“四个走在全国前列”的时代需求下，茂名应着力建设现代化海洋经济体系。近年来，茂名海洋经济总量快速增长、海洋经济体系基本形成、海洋创新成果初具规模、海洋生态建设成效显著、海洋管理能力不断增强，奠定了建设现代化海洋经济体系的基础，但也面临着海洋经济规模偏小且结构不够合理、现代化海洋产业进程缓慢、现代化海洋经济发展动力不足且受到制约和缺乏保障等问题。未来应从加快供给侧改革、实施创新驱动、推进开放合作、优化海洋生态系统和完善体制机制等方面寻求茂名建设现代化海洋经济体系的路径策略。  相似文献   

圆筒型FPSO优化设计与水动力性能分析     

赵治民  李焱  唐友刚  何鑫  童波 《海洋工程》2020,38(1):11-19

针对圆筒型海上储油装置FPSO垂荡运动性能较差、无法安装干式井口的问题,设计了带延伸筒体与矩形阻尼结构的圆筒型FPSO,根据延伸筒体与矩形阻尼结构是否通海分为两种型式。建立水动力计算模型,比较分析不同延伸筒体和阻尼结构型式对FPSO水动力性能的影响。针对南海作业海域,设计了悬链式系泊系统,基于JONSWAP波浪谱对FPSO的运动进行时域预报,并对系泊系统进行校核。分析结果表明:通海型FPSO垂荡固有周期显著提升,可以错开南海百年一遇谱峰周期,通海型FPSO满足钻井、安装干式井口的运动响应要求,系泊系统系缆张力满足规范要求。  相似文献   

风机基础TLP平台在波浪中运动性能的CFD数值分析     

安筱婷  赵伟文  万德成 《海洋工程》2020,38(5):35-49

随着海上风能的开发向深水发展，支撑风机的载体平台越来越受到关注。在经济性与安全性、稳定性的多重要求下，张力腿平台（TLP）在海洋风能资源的开发中体现出了重要地位。采用基于开源平台OpenFOAM开发的计算流体动力学（CFD）水动力学求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU对一座处于中等水深下的风机基础水下TLP（STLP）的运动响应进行了数值模拟与研究。文中使用弹簧锚链模型模拟STLP的垂向系泊锁链系统，模拟该平台在不同波浪环境下的运动响应情况。首先将STLP单自由度自由衰减CFD模拟结果与已有全耦合时域分析结果进行对比，验证了naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器及使用弹簧模型模拟STLP系泊系统的准确性与可靠性。随后在考虑非线性波浪载荷的情况下研究极端海况下与一般作业海况下STLP的运动响应情况，计算工况中的风机基础所受弯矩及锚链受力情况，并详细展示流场、速度场信息，分析高阶波浪成分、不同海况等条件对于STLP运动性能的影响。研究结果表明，TLP在中等水深中具有良好的运动性能，naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器可以有效模拟水中生产平台在波浪环境下的水动力问题，并可以对整个流场进行可视化展示与分析。  相似文献   

An ensemble approach for the analysis of extreme rainfall under climate change in Naples (Italy)     

Roberta Padulano  Alfredo Reder  Guido Rianna 《水文研究》2019,33(14):2020-2036

In the present paper, an ensemble approach is proposed to estimate possible modifications caused by climate changes in the extreme precipitation regime, with the rain gauge Napoli Servizio Idrografico (Naples, Italy) chosen as test case. The proposed research, focused on the analysis of extremes on the basis of climate model simulations and rainfall observations, is structured in several consecutive steps. In the first step, all the dynamically downscaled EURO‐CORDEX simulations at about 12 km horizontal resolution are collected for the current period 1971–2000 and the future period 2071–2100, for the RCP4.5 and the RCP8.5 concentration scenarios. In the second step, the significance of climate change effects on extreme precipitation is statistically tested by comparing current and future simulated data and bias‐correction is performed by means of a novel approach based on a combination of simple delta change and quantile delta mapping, in compliance with the storm index method. In the third step, two different ensemble models are proposed, accounting for the variabilities given by the use of different climate models and for their hindcast performances. Finally, the ensemble models are used to build novel intensity–duration–frequency curves, and their effects on the early warning system thresholds for the area of interest are evaluated.  相似文献   

长江三角洲蓝图重绘的基础科学问题:进展与未来研究     

汪亚平  贾建军  杨阳  周亮  冯威  高建华  魏稳  李占海  史本伟  高抒 《海洋科学》2019,43(10):2-12

在全球气候变化和人类活动影响加剧的背景下,作为河口海岸重要子系统的三角洲正在发生快速变化。长江三角洲地处长江入东海交汇处,是中国最重要的经济核心区之一,对邻近区域乃至整个长江经济带经济社会发展都起着重要作用。由于全球变暖、海面上升和强烈人类活动引发了三角洲系统状态转换,因此以往基于恒定系统状态而获得的有关长江三角洲的认识已不能满足未来需求,迫切需要对未来海面变化、极端事件、流域与河口工程影响下的三角洲物质循环条件、物理过程、地貌冲淤演化、源-汇格局调整等科学问题进行深入研究。在三角洲系统行为、未来演化趋势的预测能力建设中,应重视从海面到海底的综合立体观测系统的发展,以获取关键数据;基于三角洲系统的时、空演化特征,建立三角洲本征态和衍生态的谱系理论。未来需针对系统状态转换而调整原先的经济社会发展模式,以便保护自然资源、重建生态系统,更好地支撑长江经济带发展,重绘长江三角洲发展蓝图。  相似文献   

深圳市浴场用海定级研究          下载免费PDF全文

崔东阳  陈萍  吴桂敏  唐琳 《海洋学研究》2019,37(4):79-84

海域分等定级是制定海域使用金征收标准和开展海域资产价格评估的前提和依据。借鉴《海域定级技术指引(试行)》,遵循资源禀赋差异、收益差异、节约利用和生态用海的原则选取海域自然条件和海域区位条件2个定级因素及海水质量、海洋自然灾害等10个评价因子,构建深圳市浴场用海定级的评价指标体系。采用综合指数评价法计算出207个评价单元的得分情况,通过聚类分析方法和变异系数(CV)来校核级别,最终将浴场用海的海域划分为Ⅰ级(22.22%)、Ⅱ级(33.82%)和Ⅲ级(43.96%)3个级别。研究成果为海洋管理部门制定浴场用海不同级别的基准价格提供了依据。  相似文献   

褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼消化系统发育的组织学观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨佳喆  齐闯  徐善良 《热带海洋学报》2019,38(2):58-66

为探究卵胎生鱼类褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)的仔、稚鱼消化系统组织学特点, 采用常规组织切片技术, 并用HE染色和组织化学染色, 比较分析了产出后0~50d的褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼消化系统发育的组织学变化。结果显示: 褐菖鲉初产仔鱼已分化出口咽腔, 并具有初始的食道、胃、肠、肝脏和胰脏; 2日仔鱼肛门与外界相通, 食道扩大, 开始摄食, 进入混合性营养期; 3~4日仔鱼幽门盲囊出现, 食道内壁出现黏膜皱褶5~6个, 胃黏膜皱褶5个, 肝细胞团区域扩大; 5~6日仔鱼卵黄囊和油球耗尽, 进入外源性营养期, 食道黏膜上皮出现杯状细胞, 肠道弯曲, 可区分前中肠和后肠两部分; 10~14日仔鱼食道环肌层明显, 黏膜皱褶增加到7~12个, 胃壁四层结构基本形成, 肠道黏膜皱褶加深, 纹状缘清晰可见, 肝细胞分裂迅速, 数量显著增加, 体积增大, 出现肝血窦和胰岛; 28~30日稚鱼出现胃腺和胃小凹, 已具功能性胃, 标志着稚鱼期的开始, 此时胰岛细胞数量和酶原颗粒增多, 消化能力显著提高; 47~50日稚鱼已基本具有成鱼胃的特征, 肠道纹状缘发达, 肝细胞呈多边形, 细胞内含大量脂肪颗粒, 消化系统从结构和功能上已趋于完善。由此可见, 褐菖鲉仔鱼和稚鱼消化系统的发育具有卵胎生鱼类发育较早的特点, 与其消化功能的完善密切相关。  相似文献   

A method for evaluating the longitudinal functional connectivity of a river–lake–marsh system and its application in China     

Yeling Liu  Baoshan Cui  Jizeng Du  Qing Wang  Shuling Yu  Wei Yang 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5278-5297

The longitudinal functional connectivity of a river–lake–marsh system (RLMS) refers to the actual water-mediated transport of material from upstream to downstream areas along a spatial gradient and is fundamental to understand hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. However, due to a lack of consensus on appropriate data and methods, the quantification of connectivity is still a challenge, especially at the catchment scale. We developed a new method to evaluate longitudinal functional connectivity based on fluxes of materials (water, sediment, and chemicals) along a RLMS. The calculation of fluxes is based on the longitudinal pattern of terrain gradient, which influences transport efficiency, and on contributions from hillslopes, which set the initial spatial template of material loading to the RLMS. We evaluate the contributions from hillslopes to RLMS based on a new modified version of the index of sediment connectivity (IC) proposed by Borselli et al. (2008) and revised by Chartin et al. (2017).We applied this method to the Baiyangdian Basin covering an area of 3.4 × 10⁴ km² in China and quantified longitudinal functional connectivity during normal, wet, and dry periods(April, July and December) in year 2016. We found that areas with good structural connectivity exhibited poor functional connectivity during the normal and dry periods. Modelling testing with discharge data from hydrological stations and measured chemicals from Baiyangdian Lake was satisfactory in test periods. We conclude that public data and Digital Elevation Model-derived information can be used to reliably map the longitudinal functional connectivity of RLMSs. The proposed method provides a useful tool for monitoring and restoring the longitudinal functional connectivity of RLMSs and our results indicate that efforts aimed at restoring functional connectivity in RLMSs should take into account landscape patterns that can greatly influence fluxes in the watershed.  相似文献   

综合管线管理信息系统的设计与开发     

刘彩玲  王崇倡 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(1):153-155,159

设计与开发的城市综合管线管理信息系统采用C#为开发语言,Visual Studio为开发工具,是以ArcEngine组件为基础开发的地下管线管理信息系统。本系统设计主要的研究内容为:对地下管线管理系统进行需求分析,地下管线系统的总体设计,包括系统的数据库设计和功能设计,编程实现了管线系统的用户管理子功能以及管线浏览、管线查询、管线编辑、管线分析的爆管分析等功能。基本满足城市地下综合管线统一管理的要求,对于提高城市地下管线信息的利用以及保障管线正常稳定运行都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Rainstorm-generated sediment yield model based on soil moisture proxies (SMP)     

Sushindra Kumar Gupta  Pushpendra K. Singh  Jaivir Tyagi  Gunwant Sharma  Ajay Singh Jethoo 《水文研究》2020,34(16):3448-3463

This study develops improved Soil Moisture Proxies (SMP) based suspended sediment yield (SMPSY) models corresponding to three antecedent moisture conditions (AMCs) (i.e., AMC-I-AMC-III) by coupling the improved initial abstraction (I_a-λ) model, the SMA procedure and the SMP concept for modelling the rainfall generated suspended sediment yield. The SMPSY models specifically incorporate a watershed storage index (S) model to accentuate the transformation from storm to storm and to avoid the sudden jumps in sediment yield computation. The workability of the SMPSY models is tested using a large dataset of rainfall and sediment yield (98 storm events) from twelve small watersheds and a comparison has been made with the existing MSY model. The goodness-of-fit (GOF) statistics is evaluated in terms of the Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and error indices, i.e., root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (nRMSE), standard error (SE), mean absolute error (MAE), and RMSE-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR). The NSE values vary from 74.31% to 96.57% and from 75.21% to 91.78%, respectively for the SPMSY and MSY model. The NSE statistics indicate that the SMPSY model has lower uncertainty in simulating sediment yield as compared to the MSY model. The error indices are lower for the SMPSY model than the MSY model for most of the watersheds. These results show that the SMPSY model has less uncertainty and performs better than the MSY model. A sensitivity analysis of the SMPSY model shows that the parameter β is most sensitive followed by parameter S, α and A. Overall, the results show that the characterization of soil moisture variability in terms of SMPs and incorporation of improved delivery ratio and runoff coefficient relationship improves the simulation of the erosion and sediment yield generation process.  相似文献